August 1946
January - February - March - April – May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December
The following events occurred in August 1946:
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Contents
- 1 August 1, 1946 (Thursday)
- 2 August 2, 1946 (Friday)
- 3 August 3, 1946 (Saturday)
- 4 August 4, 1946 (Sunday)
- 5 August 5, 1946 (Monday)
- 6 August 6, 1946 (Tuesday)
- 7 August 7, 1946 (Wednesday)
- 8 August 8, 1946 (Thursday)
- 9 August 9, 1946 (Friday)
- 10 August 10, 1946 (Saturday)
- 11 August 11, 1946 (Sunday)
- 12 August 12, 1946 (Monday)
- 13 August 13, 1946 (Tuesday)
- 14 August 14, 1946 (Wednesday)
- 15 August 15, 1946 (Thursday)
- 16 August 16, 1946 (Friday)
- 17 August 17, 1946 (Saturday)
- 18 August 18, 1946 (Sunday)
- 19 August 19, 1946 (Monday)
- 20 August 20, 1946 (Tuesday)
- 21 August 21, 1946 (Wednesday)
- 22 August 22, 1946 (Thursday)
- 23 August 23, 1946 (Friday)
- 24 August 24, 1946 (Saturday)
- 25 August 25, 1946 (Sunday)
- 26 August 26, 1946 (Monday)
- 27 August 27, 1946 (Tuesday)
- 28 August 28, 1946 (Wednesday)
- 29 August 29, 1946 (Thursday)
- 30 August 30, 1946 (Friday)
- 31 August 31, 1946 (Saturday)
- 32 References
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August 1, 1946 (Thursday)
August 3, 1946 (Saturday)
- Hungary's gold reserve of $32,000,000 was returned to Budapest, from Frankfurt, where it had been stored by the government of Nazi Germany. The return of the gold stabilized the Hungarian economy following the hyperinflation of the prior two months.[9]
- Martin Luther King, Jr., a 17-year old junior at Morehouse College, began a lifelong crusade against racial prejudice, with the publication of a letter in the Atlanta Constitution, in response to an editorial. His father later remarked that the letter was the first "indication that Martin was headed for greatness".[10]
- A pair of unmanned B-17 bombers landed in California after having been flown a distance of 2,174 miles from Hawaii, piloted entirely by radio control, as the United States Army carried out "Operation Remote". Press releases declared that the experiment proved "that guided missiles of the air forces can be launched by radio control and successfully hit a target more than 2,000 miles distant".[11]
- Died: Tony Lazzeri, 42, American MLB 2nd baseman and Hall of Famer
August 7, 1946 (Wednesday)
August 8, 1946 (Thursday)
- The B-36 Peacemaker bomber was flown by the United States Air Force for the first time. Designed to carry the atomic bomb, and having a range of 6,000 miles, the B-36 was the first intercontinental carrier of nuclear weapons.;[14][15]
- More than twenty years after his court-martial and resignation from the United States Army, and ten years after his death, Billy Mitchell was awarded the Medal of Honor by the U.S. Congress "for outstanding pioneer service in the field of American military aviation", and posthumously promoted to the rank of Major General.[16]
- The body of African-American veteran John C. Jones, victim of a lynching, was found in a bayou near Minden, Louisiana. As a result of an investigation by the NAACP, the crime was reported nationwide and led to the first FBI investigation of a lynching in Louisiana, followed by the creation of a Committee on Civil Rights by President Truman. One author described the response to the Jones murder as "the first time since Reconstruction that the federal government had evinced any real concern over the discriminatiory treatment of black people".[17]
- Born: Jim Kiick, American NFL running back, in Lincoln Park, New Jersey
- In Athens, Alabama, a mob of white men and teenagers, estimated at 2,000 people, rioted after two white men had been jailed for an unprovoked attack on a black man the day before. Breaking into smaller groups, the mob went into town and began beating any African-American seen the street. State troops, sent by the Governor, arrived at 4:00 pm and restored order by midnight. Nobody was killed, but more than 50 black persons were injured. Sixteen white suspects were later indicted by a county grand jury for the violence.[18]
- Tenth Circuit Judge Joseph McCarthy defeated longtime U.S. Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr. in the Wisconsin Republican primary [21]
- In the United States, the Indian Claims Commission was established to fix a fair market value for land taken from the American Indians "at the time the land was taken". An example of the low awards of compensation was $29.1 million for the entire state of California, at 47 cents an acre. Between 1946 and the 1951 deadline, 370 petitions were filed.[22]
- Died: H.G. Wells, 79, British science fiction author; and William J. Gallagher, 71, retired Minneapolis street sweeper who was elected to Congress in 1944;[23]
- Zhdanov Doctrine: Soviet politician Andrei Zhdanov began a campaign against writers and artists whose work showed "anti-Soviet sentiment" or complacency toward Communist party goals. At Zhdanov's direction, the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party passed the resolution "About the journals Zvezda and Leningrad" on proper Soviet literature, condemning the two literary magazines for publishing the works of author Mikhail Zoshchenko and poet Anna Akhmatova. The editors of the magazines were replaced, and the two writers were barred from publishing further works.[24] Similar condemnations followed against bourgeois influence in theater (August 26) and film productions (September 4).[25]
- An American B-29 reconnaissance plane discovered a large ice floe 300 miles north of Alaska. Nine miles in width, 17 miles long, and ideal for the basing of aircraft, "Target X" was the first of three "floating bases" used by the United States.[26]
- Born: Larry Graham, American comedian, in Beaumont, Texas
- Truman Doctrine: U.S. President Harry S. Truman informed Turkey's President İsmet İnönü that the United States would provide its assistance to help Turkey resist Soviet demands for control of the Dardanelles straits. Over the next year, Truman lobbied Congress to provide more than $400,000,000 in aid to both Turkey and Greece as part of American strategy in the Middle East.[27]
- Died: Edward R. Bradley, 86, horse breeding magnate
- An American C-47 transport plane was shot down after straying into the airspace of Yugoslavia, a week after another group of American flyers had been captured. All five men aboard the plane were killed in the crash.[36]
- Born: Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States (1993–2001), as William Jefferson Blythe III, at 8:51 a.m. in Hope, Arkansas; and Charles F. Bolden, Jr., American space shuttle astronaut, and NASA Administrator since 2009, in Columbia, South Carolina
- Bob Feller of the Cleveland Indians became the first Major League Baseball pitcher to have the speed of his throw measured by radar, with a U.S. Army "lumiline chronograph" clocking him at 98.6 mph at a game in Washington, D.C. against the Senators. Feller's Indians lost, 5-4.[37]
- The Pittsburgh Pirates voted against joining a labor union, the "American Baseball Guild". The election was conducted by the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, and only 19 of the 31 eligible players participated. With one vote invalidated, the margin was 15-3 against unionizing. In 1965, the Major League Baseball Players Association would be created for members of all of the MLB teams.[38]
- Born: N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman and founder of Infosys Technologies, in Mysore; Connie Chung, American news anchor, as Constance Yu-Hwa Chung in Washington, D.C.; and Ralf Hütter, German techno singer and musician (Kraftwerk), in Krefeld
- Died: Fielding H. Yost, 75, American college football coach
- In Marburg in the American zone of Germany, the bodies of Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786, and his father Frederick William I of Prussia (who ruled 1713-1740) were reburied after having been removed from Potsdam in 1943. The ceremony was presided over by Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, grandson of the last Kaiser of Germany and the eldest son of former Crown Prince Wilhelm.[39] Louis Ferdinand, pretender to the throne from 1951 to 1994, lived to see the reinternment of the kings in Potsdam in 1991, following the reunification of Germany.[40]
- Döme Sztójay, who had served as Prime Minister of Hungary during occupation by the Nazi Germany, was executed by a firing squad after being convicted of treason and crimes against humanity.[41]
- The Seoul National University was established in Korea on the campus of the former Keijo Imperial University, and included colleges of arts and sciences, engineering, agriculture, law, education, commerce, arts, medicine and dentistry. By [42]
- Norma Jean Baker agreed to a suggestion by Ben Lyon, talent manager at 20th Century Fox sigining a contract for the first time with her new stage name. Borrowing the names of actress Marilyn Miller, and her mother, Gladys Monroe Baker, she became Marilyn Monroe.[46]
- Philippine Communist leader Juan Feleo disappeared and was presumed killed, triggering the eight year insurgency called the Hukbalahap or Huk Rebellion.[47]
- Elijah Muhammad was released from federal prison in Milan, Michigan after four years, and became the American Nation of Islam's undisputed leader.[48]
- The House of Representatives of Japan approved the nation's new Constitution by a vote of 421-8.[49] The House of Councillors would approve it later in the year.[50]
- Died: James McReynolds, 84, U.S. Supreme Court Justice from 1914 to 1941; and Maria Andersson, reputed to have been born in 1829 and, at 117, the oldest woman in Finland.
- The body of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was secretly moved from Milan police headquarters to the nearby Capuchin Monastery in Cerro Maggiore.[51] On the same day, the body of former President of Germany, Paul von Hindenburg, was quietly reburied at the Elizabeth Church in Marburg, 12 years after his death and 19 months after retreating Nazis had removed it from the Tannenberg Memorial to avoid its capture by Soviet forces.[52]
- Born: Charles Ghigna, American children's author famous as "Father Goose", in Bayside, New York; and Rollie Fingers, American MLB pitcher, Hall of Fame enshrinee, in Steubenville, Ohio
- The United States consented to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, popularly known as the World Court.[53] The U.S. would withdraw its acceptance on October 7, 1985.;[54]
- Born: Valerie Simpson, American singer and half of the duo of Ashford & Simpson, in New York City; Mark Snow, American composer, in New York City; Tom Ridge, first United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2001–2003), in Munhall, Pennsylvania; and Zhou Ji, Chinese Minister of Education, in Shanghai
References
- ^ James G. Ryan and Leonard C. Schlup, eds. Historical Dictionary of the 1940s (M.E. Sharpe, 2006) p. 33
- ^ Naomi B. Lynn and Arthur F. McClure, The Fulbright Premise: Senator J. William Fulbright's Views on Presidential power (Bucknell University Press, 1973) p. 57
- ^ Harm Gustav Schroeter, The European Enterprise: Historical Investigation into a Future Species (Springer, 2008) p. 39
- ^ J. Samuel Walker, Permissible Dose: A History of Radiation Protection in the Twentieth Century (University of California Press, 2000) p. 13; Martin G. Pomper, Molecular Imaging in Oncology (Informa Health Care, 2008) iii
- ^ "20 SHOT IN ELECTION RIOT", Pittsburgh Press, August 2, 1946, p. 1'"Citizen's Council Takes Over In Riot-Torn Athens", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 3, 1946, p1; "TENNESSEE: Battle of the Ballots", TIME Magazine, August 12, 1946
- ^ Pat Koch and Jane Ammeson, Holiday World (Arcadia Publishing, 2006)
- ^ USGS Historic Earthquakes; James F. Dolan and Paul Mann, Active Strike-slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone (Geological Society of America, 1998) p. 151; "TIDAL WAVES RIP WEST INDIES", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 5, 1946, p. 1
- ^ James R. Hansen, First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong (Simon & Schuster, 2005) p. 50
- ^ William Z. Slany, U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II (DIANE Publishing, 1997) p. 155
- ^ Roger Bruns, Martin Luther King, Jr: a biography (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006) pp. 13-14
- ^ "Radio -Guided Planes Fly Pacific To Set Long-Distance Record", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 7, 1946, p. 1
- ^ James Chace, Acheson: The Secretary of State Who Created the American World (Simon and Schuster, 2007) p153
- ^ Mary Roldán, Blood and fire: La Violencia in Antioquia, Colombia, 1946-1953 (Duke University Press, 2002) p. 44
- ^ Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy (Indiana University Press, 1977) p. 372
- ^ "U.S. Round-Trip-to Europe Bomber Flies for First Time from Base in Texas", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 8, 1946, p. 1
- ^ Alfred F. Hurley, Billy Mitchell, Crusader for Air Power (Indiana University Press, 1975) p. 277; "Medal for Mitchell", Milwaukee Journal, August 9, 1946, p. 21
- ^ Adam Fairclough, Race and Democracy: The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972 (University of Georgia Press, 2008) p. 113; "Louisiana Negro Beaten to Death", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 15, 1946, p. 1
- ^ "Mob Roaming Alabama Town", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 11, 1946, p. 1; Ted Robert Gurr, ed., Violence in America: Protest, Rebellion, Reform (SAGE, 1989) p. 248
- ^ Martin Munro, Exile and Post-1946 Haitian Literature(Liverpool University Press, 2007) p. 25
- ^ Newell Maynard Stultz, Afrikaner politics in South Africa, 1934-1948 (University of California Press, 1974) p. 115; Iris Berger, South Africa in World History (Oxford University Press US, 2009) pp. 111-112
- ^ "Senate Race Lost, LaFollette Admits" 'Pittsburgh Press, August 14, 1946, p1
- ^ M. Annette Jaimes, The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance (South End Press, 1992) p. 146; Alison R. Bernstein, American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs (University of Oklahoma Press, 1991); Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father: the United States Government and the American Indians (University of Nebraska Press, 1995) p1019
- ^ "'Street-Cleaner' Congressman Dies", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 13, 1946, p. 2
- ^ Edward J. Brown, Russian Literature Since the Revolution (Harvard University Press, 1982) p180; "Russian Writers Discover Foreign Customs Are Taboo", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 22, 1946, p8
- ^ Paul Sjeklocha and Igor Mead, Unofficial Art in the Soviet Union (University of California Press, 1967) p. 48
- ^ Carl Hoffman, Hunting Warbirds: The Obsessive Quest for the Lost Aircraft of World War II (Random House, Inc., 2002) p. 15; "Ice-Cube Airport", by Aubrey O. Cookman, Jr., Popular Mechanics (September 1952), pp. 134-138
- ^ Tareq Y. Ismael, International Relations of the Contemporary Middle East: A Study in World Politics (Syracuse University Press, 1986) p. 142
- ^ Stanley Wolpert, Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi (Oxford University Press US, 2002) p. 222; Ross Marlay and Clark D. Neher, Patriots and Tyrants: Ten Asian Leaders (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999) p. 293
- ^ "Rioters Sweep Calcutta: 2250 Dead, Injured", 'Pittsburgh Press, August 18, 1946, p. 1; The Calcutta Riots of 1946, massviolence.org
- ^ Masʻūd Bārzānī, Mustafa Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) p. 173
- ^ James A. Grimshaw, Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren: A Literary Correspondence (University of Missouri Press, 1998)
- ^ Michael Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996) p. 43
- ^ http://afehri.maxwell.af.mil/Documents/pdf/lambert.pdf
- ^ "Dodgers, Rockets Tie At 14 To 14", Bend (OR) Bulletin, August 19, 1946, p. 3
- ^ Mines Explosion at Vergarola Beach, Pola August 18, 1946
- ^ "ANOTHER U.S. PLANE SHOT DOWN", Pittsburgh Press, August 19, 1946; "Five Yanks on Plane Killed" (Press, August 23); "Yugoslavs Bury 5 Killed on Plane" (Press, August 24); "Yugoslavs Return Bodies of Flyers" (Press, August 28)
- Robert Cowley, The Cold War: A Military History (Random House, Inc., 2006 ) p. 11
- ^ Tom Deveaux, The Washington Senators, 1901-1971(McFarland, 2005) p. 166
- ^ "Pirates Vote, 15-3, Against Baseball Union", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 21, 1946; William Marshall, Baseball's Pivotal Era, 1945-1951 (University Press of Kentucky, 1999) p. 82; MLBPA History
- ^ Giles MacDonogh, After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation (PublicAffairs, 2009) p93
- ^ Jay Brunhouse, Maverick Guide to Berlin (Pelican Publishing, 2008) p. 404
- ^ John Laughland, A History of Political Trials: From Charles I to Saddam Hussein (Peter Lang, 2008) p. 150
- ^ John C. Weidman and Namgi Park, eds., Higher Education in Korea: Tradition and Adaptation (Taylor & Francis, 2000)
- ^ Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume 1 (Cambridge University Press, 2010) p. 140
- ^ Gene D. Phillips, Creatures of Darkness: Raymond Chandler, Detective Fiction, and Film Noir (University Press of Kentucky, 2003) p. 67.
- ^ Frank L. Holt, Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan (University of California Press, 2006) pp. 139-140
- ^ Sarah Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe (Macmillan, 2005) pp. 167-171
- ^ Amy Blitz, The Contested State: American Foreign Policy and Regime Change in the Philippines (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000) p. 87
- ^ Claude Andrew Clegg III, An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad (Macmillan, 1998) p. 97
- ^ "New Constitution Passed by Jap House", Post-Gazette, August 25, 1946, p5
- ^ Louis Henkin, Albert J. Rosenthal, Constitutionalism and Rights: The Influence of the United States Constitution Abroad (Columbia University Press, 1990) p. 233
- ^ Ray Moseley, Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce (Taylor Trade Publications, 2004) p356
- ^ Anna von der Goltz, Hindenburg: Power, Myth, and the Rise of the Nazis (Oxford University Press US, 2009) p. 193
- ^ "World Court Rule Accepted by U.S.", Pittsburgh Press, August 26, 1946, p2
- ^ Michla Pomerance, The United States and the World Court as a "Supreme Court of the Nations" (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1996) p. 449
- ^ Jeffrey A. Norton, Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence (Springer, 2001) p. 974
- ^ Roger I. Abrams, Legal Bases: Baseball and the Law (Temple University Press, 1998) p. 105
- ^ "Indochina", by Ellen Hammer, in The State of Asia: A Contemporary Survey (American Institute of Pacific Relations, 1951) p. 240
- ^ Tekeste Negash, Eritrea and Ethiopia: the federal experience (Transaction Publishers, 1997) p. 42
- ^ Charles K. Armstrong, The North Korean Revolution, 1945-1950 (Cornell University Press, 2004) pp. 108-109; Gi-Wook Shin, Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy (Stanford University Press, 2006) p161
- ^ Michael Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996) p. 125
- ^ Lyman Van Slyke, The China White Paper: August 1949 (U.S. Department of State, 1949) p180
- ^ F. Roy Willis, France, Germany, and the New Europe: 1945-1967 (Stanford University Press, 1968) p47
- ^ Alan Pierce, Breaking the Sound Barrier (ABDO Group, 2005) p24
- ^ Lawrence S. Wittner, The Struggle Against the Bomb (Stanford University Press, 1993) p. 58
- ^ Charles Winslow, Lebanon: War and Politics in a Fragmented Society(Psychology Press, 1996) p. 73